A use case diagram is a graphical representation of the interactions between the users and the system. This diagram shows the different characters involved in the system and the roles they perform. A use case is a description of a specific functionality that the system provides to a user to achieve a goal.

In this article, we will see how to draw a use case diagram for a hospital management system.

This hospital management system helps to manage the various activities and processes of a hospital. This system includes patient registration, appointment scheduling, billing, medical records, laboratory tests, pharmacy, administration, and many more functions.

The actors of the hospital management system are:

1. Receptionist: The receptionist is the person who interacts with the patients and visitors at the front desk of the hospital. The receptionist should perform registering new patients, scheduling appointments, admitting and discharging patients, creating invoices, filing insurance forms and claims, and filing medical reports.
2. Doctor: The doctor is the person who provides medical care to the patients. The doctor should diagnose diseases, prescribe tests, prescribe medicines, recommend to admit or discharge patients, recommend surgery, and update medical records.
3. Laboratory: The laboratory is the department that performs various tests on the samples collected from the patients. The laboratory will schedule appointments for tests, run tests, and send test results to the doctors.
4. Pharmacy: The pharmacy is the department that dispenses drugs to the patients as prescribed by the doctors. The pharmacy will be creating bills for drugs, checking drug availability, and maintaining drug inventory.
5. Administration: The administration is the department that manages the overall operations of the hospital. The administration should manage hospital transaction records, managing hospital staff, managing medicines, cleaning, meals, repairs and maintenance.
6. Record Room: The record room is the department that stores and retrieves patient data. The record room is required to record patient data, update patient data, and provide patient data to authorized users.

The use cases of each actor are:

Receptionist:

1. Schedule Patient Appointment: This use case allows the receptionist to schedule an appointment for a patient with a doctor.
2. Schedule Patient Hospital Admission: This use case allows the receptionist to schedule a hospital admission for a patient who needs inpatient care.
3. Patient Registration: This use case allows the receptionist to register a new patient or update an existing patient’s information in the system.
4. Bed Allotment: This use case allows the receptionist to allot a bed to a patient who is admitted to the hospital.
5. Create Invoices: This use case allows the receptionist to create invoices for the services provided to the patients.
6. File Insurance Forms & Claims: This use case allows the receptionist to file insurance forms and claims for patients who have insurance coverage.
7. File Medical Reports: This use case allows the receptionist to file medical reports generated by the doctors or the laboratory in the system.

Doctor:

1. Diagnose Disease: This use case allows the doctor to diagnose a disease based on the symptoms and signs of a patient.
2. Prescribe Tests: This use case allows the doctor to prescribe tests for a patient based on the diagnosis or as a preventive measure.
3. Prescribe Medicine: This use case allows the doctor to prescribe medicines for a patient based on the diagnosis or as a treatment.
4. Recommend to Admit: This use case allows the doctor to recommend a patient to be admitted to the hospital if the condition requires inpatient care.
5. Recommend for Surgery: The doctors will recommend a patient for surgery if the condition requires surgical intervention.
6. Recommend to Discharge: This use case allows the doctor to recommend a patient to be discharged from the hospital if the condition has improved or stabilized.

Laboratory:

1. Schedule Appointments for Tests: This use case allows the laboratory to schedule appointments for tests for the patients who are referred by the doctors.
2. Run Tests: This use case allows the laboratory to run tests on the samples collected from the patients and generate test results.

Pharmacy:

1. Dispense Drugs: This use case allows the pharmacy to dispense drugs to the patients as prescribed by the doctors.
2. Create Bills for Drugs: This use case allows the pharmacy to create bills for the drugs dispensed to the patients.

Administration:

1. Manage Hospital Transaction Records: This use case allows the administration to manage the financial transactions of the hospital such as income, expenses, taxes, and salaries.
2. Manage Hospital Staff: This use case allows the administration to manage the human resources of the hospital such as hiring, training, evaluation, and promotion of staff members.
3. Manage Medicines, Cleaning, Meals, Repairs and Maintenance: This use case allows the administration to manage the various resources and services of the hospital such as medicines, cleaning, meals, repairs, and maintenance.

Record Room:

1. Record Patient Data: This use case allows the record room to record patient data such as personal information, medical history, diagnosis, treatment, and discharge summary in the system.
2. Update Patient Data: This use case allows the record room to update the patient data in the system as per the changes made by the doctors or the laboratory.
3. Provide Patient Data: This use case allows the record room to provide patient data to authorized users such as doctors, laboratories, pharmacies, or insurance companies.

The following diagram shows the use case diagram for the hospital management system:

The above-attached use case diagram shows the actors and their roles in the system. The use cases are represented by ovals and the actors are represented by stick figures.

The lines between the actors and the use cases indicate the association or the communication between them. The <<include>> and <<extend>> relationships indicate the dependency or the variation between the use cases.

Also Read: Use Case Diagram of University Management System in Star UML